Isiqandisi sika-R290: singenisa umzuzu wokugqama
Ngo-2022, isiqandisi sika-R290 sagcina siqhamuke njengesihlabani. Phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yonyaka, i-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) yavuma ukwandisa umkhawulo wenkokhiso ovumelekile wama-R290 ezisetshenziswa eziphelele. Phakathi nokwanda kokushisisa kwephampu yokushisa eYurophu, u-R290 uthole ukunakwa okubalulekile emkhakheni wephampu yokushisa. Ngasohlangothini lwebhizinisi, futhi, kube nentuthuko eminingi emihle, lapho iMidea yethula isifudumezi-moya sokuqala sika-R290 emhlabeni esine-Energy Efficiency Class 1.
Njengoba ikhwelo lomhlaba wonke lezinhlelo zekhabhoni ephansi likhula ngo-2023, u-R290 usulungele ukuheha ukunakwa okukhulu nokuletha amathuba amasha entuthuko.
I-R290, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-propane, iyisiqandisi se-hydrocarbon yemvelo engatholakala ngokuqondile egesini ye-petroleum ewuketshezi. Uma kuqhathaniswa neziqandisi zokwenziwa ezifana nama-freon, ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana e-R290 awanawo ama-athomu e-chlorine, okunikeza i-Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) inani layo elinguziro, ngaleyo ndlela iqeda ingozi yokuncipha kongqimba lwe-ozone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma iqhathaniswa nezinto ze-HFC, nazo ezingalimazi ungqimba lwe-ozone, i-R290 izidla ngenani le-Global Warming Potential (GWP) elisondele ku-zero, linciphisa ingozi "yomphumela we-greenhouse."
Naphezu kobufakazi baso obungenasici ngokwe-GWP ne-ODP, isiqandisi esingu-R290 sibhekane nempikiswano eqhubekayo ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwaso njengesiqandisi esivutha umlilo esingu-A3, okuvimbela ukutholwa kwaso okusabalele ezimakethe ezivamile.
Kodwa-ke, u-2022 ulethe ushintsho oluhle kulokhu. NgoMeyi 2022, i-IEC yamemezela kusizindalwazi sayo esisemthethweni ukuthi uhlaka lwe-IEC 60335-2-40 ED7, "Izidingo ezikhethekile zamaphampu okushisa, ama-air-conditioner, nama-dehumidifiers," zigunyazwe ngazwi linye. Lokhu kusho ukuvumelana ngaphakathi kwamazinga e-IEC ukuze kukhuliswe amanani okugcwalisa angu-R290 nezinye iziqandisi ezivuthayo kuma-air-conditioner asendlini, amaphampu okushisa, kanye nezinto eziqeda umswakama.
Lapho ebuza ngamazinga e-IEC 60335-2-40 ED7, uLi Tingxun, uprofesa osebenza naye e-Sun Yat-sen University kanye nelungu le-Working Group 21, wachaza: "Lapho kubalwa amanani aphezulu okugcwalisa amafriji A2 kanye ne-A3, IEC 60335 -2-40 ED7 yethula ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ngokucabangela izimo zangempela zemikhiqizo manje, ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifana nokuthuthukisa ukungangeni komoya komkhiqizo kanye nokwamukela imiklamo ezungezayo yokugeleza komoya, inyuse ngokufanelekile amanani aphezulu okugcwalisa ama-A2 nama-A3, okungenzeka afinyelele phezulu. ku988g.
Le ntuthuko igqugquzele inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekwamukelweni kwesiqandisi sama-R290 embonini yephampu lokushisa. Okokuqala, izindinganiso ze-compressor zamapayipi okushisa amanzi heater ahlanganisa nezidingo zesiqandisi esingu-R290. Ngemva kwalokho, ngo-January 1, 2023, izindlela ezintsha zenhlangano yaseJalimane zokuxhasa ngemali izakhiwo eziluhlaza nezonga amandla zaqala ukusebenza. Lesi sikhwama sihlose ukuxhasa ukushintshwa kwamasistimu okushisa ezindaweni ezakhiwe. Ukuze ufaneleke ukuthola lezi zixhaso, imikhiqizo yephampu yokushisa kufanele ibe ne-Coefficient of Performance (COP) engaphezu kuka-2.7 futhi ikhokhiswe iziqandisi zemvelo. Njengamanje, u-R290 uyisiqandisi esiyinhloko semvelo esisetshenziswa emishinini yephampu yokushisa yokuhlala e-Europe. Ngokusetshenziswa kwale nqubomgomo yoxhaso, imikhiqizo yepompo yokushisa esebenzisa u-R290 kulindeleke ukuthi yamukelwe kabanzi.
Muva nje, uchungechunge lwezobuchwepheshe olugxile esiqandisini sika-R290 namaphampu okushisa lubanjwe ngempumelelo. U-Emerson kanye no-Highly bangabasekeli abakhuthele bobuchwepheshe be-R290. Engqungqutheleni, omele u-Emerson uthe ngokusebenzisa ulwazi olunzulu lwenkampani ngobuchwepheshe beziqandisi obubiza u-R290, benze uchungechunge lwama-compressor e-Copeland scroll R290, ahlanganisa amamodeli anesivinini esingaguquki, isivinini esiguquguqukayo, esivundlile, esime mpo, kanye nomsindo ophansi. izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zezingxenye zemakethe yephampu yokushisa yaseYurophu. I-Highly Electric, enobungcweti obungaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi emkhakheni wephampu yokushisa, yembule ama-compressor amaningi ephampu yokushisa aqondene no-R290 aklanyelwe imakethe yaseYurophu. Le mikhiqizo ayigcini nje ngokuphatha imvelo kodwa futhi iziqhayisa nge-GWP ephansi kakhulu, ububanzi bokusebenza, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, nokusebenza kahle, ukubhekana ngokuphelele nezidingo zemakethe yephampu yokushisa yaseYurophu futhi isekela uguquko lwamandla aluhlaza esifundeni.
NgoSepthemba 7, 2022, kwakuwusuku olubalulekile lwesiqandisi sika-R290. Ngalolu suku, isifudumezi-moya sokuqala esisha somhlaba wonke sokonga ugesi esisebenzisa isiqandisi esingu-R290 saphuma entanjeni yokukhiqiza efektri yase-Midea e-Wuhu, sinikeza indlela entsha sha ukuze imboni ifinyelele izinjongo "zekhabhoni ekabili". Kuyaqondakala ukuthi i-APF (Annual Performance Factor) ye-Midea entsha esanda kuthuthukiswa engu-R290 inverter air conditioner esebenza kahle kagesi ifinyelele ku-5.29, idlula izinga likazwelonke lebanga loku-1 lokusebenzisa amandla amasha ngo-5.8%. Lolu chungechunge luza ngamamodeli amabili: i-1HP ne-1.5HP, futhi seluthole nesitifiketi sokuqala embonini sezempilo nenhlanzeko.
Khonamanjalo, isiqandisi sika-R290 sesenze inqubekelaphambili ezindaweni ezifana nezokomisa izingubo nezokwenza iqhwa. Ngokwemininingwane ehlinzekwe yi-China Household Electrical Appliances Association, umkhakha wemikhiqizo ye-ice maker ucishe ushintshe ngokuphelele ekubeni isiqandisi esingu-R290 ngonyaka noma emibili edlule, ngomkhiqizo wonyaka wamayunithi acishe abe yizigidi eziyi-1.5. Usayizi wemakethe wama-R290 ezomisa izingubo zephampu yokushisa nawo ukhuphuke ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva, okubalelwa ku-80% ngo-2020 ngomthamo wokukhiqiza wamayunithi ayizigidi ezi-3.
Ngo-2023, siqondiswa imigomo "yekhabhoni embaxambili", isiqandisi sika-R290, esinobuhle baso bekhabhoni ephansi, silungele ukugqama kakhulu kunangaphambili.